Development and Implementation of the Circular Economy Framework

The Australian circular economy framework aims to double circularity by 2035, focusing on four key sectors: built environment, manufacturing, food and agriculture, and resources. This framework is supported by a collaborative approach and will be measured through three targets: material footprint, material productivity, and recycling rate. The CSIRO has informed the framework's development, using modelling from the United Nations Environment Program. The material footprint indicator assesses the amount of material entering the economy, while material productivity measures the value derived from each kilogram of material used. To improve the circularity rate, strategies such as reducing landfill waste, investing in durability, and reducing the per capita material footprint are essential. For instance, bringing back material sent to landfill into the economy could increase the circularity rate by around 12%, while investing in durability could add another 1-2%. Managing byproducts in agriculture and mining waste can also contribute to the circularity rate, with potential economically attractive opportunities. Achieving the target will require system-wide changes, including innovation and interventions in the identified sectors. However, with the right approach, leveraging Australia's advantages – including a strong research ecosystem, innovation in materials, and a highly skilled workforce – it is considered feasible. Australia's culture, which values caring for the environment, and the increasing investment capital interested in circular economy areas, will also support the transition. The country's proximity to Southeast Asia and existing international partnerships will provide opportunities for collaboration and export, driving progress towards the circular economy goals.